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DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol):---
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is another fairly simple protocol. DHCP automatically provides clients with network-related configuration information, such as a domain name, NTP server address, or a unique Layer 3 (IP) address. The DHCP communication Common Protocols 63 process is a client/server communication type in which the client computer requests an IP address from a DHCP server and the server acknowledges it by giving it one.
The basic functionality of DHCP is a simple four-step process. The process begins with packet 1 when the client computer sends a DHCP Discover packet to the broadcast IP address 255.255.255.255.
When a client wants to obtain an IP address on a network, it must first locate a valid DHCP server on that network. It does so by sending a broadcast packet designed to locate any valid DHCP servers on the network. When a valid DHCP server receives one of these packets, it sends a response to the client in a DHCP Offer packet, as seen in packet 2. This packet contains the IP address that the DHCP server wants to assign to the client and any other information the server is configured to supply.
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Once the client receives this packet, it requests the addressing information from the server by sending a DHCP Request packet, which is packet 3 in our sample file. Since the client has not yet configured itself with the given IP address, this packet is once again sent as a broadcast; this tells the server that the client has accepted its offer and notifies all other DHCP servers on the network that the client is no longer accepting other offers. Once the server receives this packet, it assigns this IP address to the client and sends a DHCP ACK packet back to the client, as seen in packet 4 (Figure 6-4), signifying the end of the DHCP transaction.
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